Originally the seat of Japan's imperial court from 794 to 1868, Kyoto remains the country's cultural capital. Around every corner and down each historic street, you'll encounter many of the quintessential images of Japan beginning with Kinkaku-ji, also known as the Temple of the Golden Pavilion. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a National Special Historic Site, it's one of Japan's most popular attractions. Built in 1397 as a shogun's retirement villa and converted to a Zen temple upon his death, it sits in the center of a magnificent garden with a wooden pavilion that extends over a reflecting pond. But the most notable feature is its glimmering exterior-the top two floors are completely covered in gold leaf. Then, you're off to the Arashiyama District for free time to explore, shop or have lunch; you're advised to bring plenty of Japanese Yen to cover your expenses.