Hubbard Glacier

Hubbard Glacier is North America’s largest tidewater glacier, offering a view that is both awe-inspiring and humbling. Situated in eastern Alaska and part of the Yukon, it is easily one of the most dramatic and actively advancing glaciers in the world. Unlike many glaciers that are receding, Hubbard is known for its significant growth and frequent calving activity.

The sheer scale of the Hubbard Glacier is breathtaking, with its face towering over 350 feet above the waterline and stretching 76 miles to its source in the Canadian Yukon. Visitors often experience Hubbard Glacier from the water, as it is best viewed by cruise ship or boat tours that navigate the icy waters of Disenchantment Bay.

Mendenhall Glacier

Just 12 miles from downtown Juneau, Mendenhall Glacier is one of Alaska’s most famous and accessible glaciers. This particular glacier is part of the larger Mendenhall Icefield. It extends over 13 miles in length, offering an eye-catching array of blue ice and deep crevasses that are visible from many viewing points around the area. 

One of the key attractions here is the Mendenhall Glacier Visitor Center, which provides panoramic views of the glacier and the surrounding Tongass National Forest. The center includes educational displays and interactive exhibits that delve into the natural history of the region and the impact of climate change on these frozen glaciers. 

Prince William Sound

Prince William Sound is a spectacular region, enclosed by steep mountains and dense forests. It also has a collection of imposing, tidewater glaciers. These glaciers, which flow directly into the sea, create dramatic scenes as chunks of ice calve off and crash into the ocean. 

Among the most visited glaciers in Prince William Sound is the Columbia Glacier. It is one of the fastest-moving glaciers in the world, and it has been rapidly retreating over the past decades. Boat tours from Valdez provide a front-row seat to this natural spectacle, allowing visitors to experience the thunderous sound of ice breaking and the quiet that follows. 

Knik Glacier

Sitting at the head of the Knik River, you can easily reach this glacier from Anchorage. This makes it a favorite among those looking to immerse themselves in Alaska’s landscapes without leaving the city too far behind. The Knik Glacier sprawls approximately 25 miles long and 5 miles across, surrounded by rugged mountains and acting as a picturesque backdrop that is typical of Alaska. 

Visitors can enjoy the Knik Glacier in a few different ways. One of the most popular is via airboat tours that zip along the Knik River, offering up-close views of the glacier’s blue ice and the large ice field. Those that who want a more hands-on adventure can opt for guided hiking and ice climbing excursions. 

Exit Glacier

Exit Glacier, one of the most accessible parts of the Kenai Fjords National Park, offers a direct and personal view of how glaciers reshape the landscape and respond to the changing climate. Located just outside Seward, this glacier is unique because it provides an opportunity for visitors to walk up to an active ice mass easily.

Exit Glacier Road leads to several trails that visitors can explore. Among these, the Exit Glacier Nature Trail is particularly popular for its ease and informative signs that chronicle the glacier’s retreat over the years. Throughout the year, park rangers offer guided walks full of insights into the glacier's geology.

When you cruise with Princess, you get more than just stunning views. Our North to Alaska program lets you hear first-hand from mountain climbers who have conquered Denali and learn how to photograph glaciers from professional photographers. Start your learning early with these glacier facts.

How do glaciers form? 

Think of glaciers as nature’s ultimate snow cones. They start as layers of snow piling up over the years, gradually being squeezed into dense, crystalline ice.  This process can take decades or even centuries, squeezing out air pockets and forming tightly packed ice that flows under the force of gravity and its massive weight.

How many glaciers are in Alaska?

Alaska is home to over 100,000 glaciers, which cover approximately 5% of the state. From small cirque glaciers to enormous ice fields, Alaska has some of the most spectacular glaciers in the world. 

How can you see if glaciers are moving and at what speed?

Although they might look like they’re standing still, glaciers move at varying speeds, ranging from a few inches to several feet per day. Scientists track glacier movement using GPS and satellite imagery, providing ongoing monitoring of these incredible features. When you’re on a cruise, you might even spot the slow but steady march of these giants.

What are all the cracks on glaciers?

The cracks you see on glaciers are called crevasses, and they form due to the glacier's movement over uneven terrain. As the glacier flows, tension builds in the ice and eventually causes it to crack, which creates deep fissures you might be able to see from the cruise ship.

Why is the ice blue?

Glacier ice often appears blue because it absorbs all colors of the visible light spectrum except blue, which it reflects. This blue light is especially noticeable when looking into crevasses or newly calved ice faces where the dense, compressed ice has fewer air bubbles.

What are the different types of glaciers?

There are a few different types of glaciers, including valley, handing, tidewater, dry, and wet. Here’s how they differ: 

Valley glaciers flow down valleys and are often nestled within mountainous terrain. 

Hanging glaciers appear to hang on steeper slopes or cliffs. They are typically smaller than valley glaciers. 

Tidewater glaciers flow directly into the sea, calving to create icebergs. 

Dry glaciers are covered with snow in the winter but bare ice in the summer. 

Wet glaciers remain snow-covered all year. 

What are the linear piles of dirt?

Ever noticed those dirt lines on glaciers? Those are called moraines, and there are three different types.

Lateral moraines form at the sides of the glacier, where debris accumulates. 

Medial moraines appear as dark lines of debris down the center of a glacier. They form from the merging of lateral moraines when two glaciers meet. 

Terminal moraines are found at a glacier’s terminus, marking the furthest advance of the glacier. 

Embarking on a glacier hike in Alaska is an unforgettable experience. But before you lace up your boots, here are some tips to keep in mind when you add a hike to your cruise itinerary. 

Read: What to Pack for an Alaska Cruise: a Comprehensive List

What types of clothing should I wear? 

Layer up! You’ll want clothes that can handle the cold and wet. Start with a moisture-wicking base layer, add something warm and insulating, and top it off with a waterproof jacket. Don’t forget a hat and some sturdy, waterproof hiking boots. If you’re heading onto the ice, crampons or spikes are necessary for traction.

What are some of the safety precautions I should know about?

Glacier hiking is an excellent addition to your cruise, but it can be dangerous without the proper precautions. Always hike with a guide if you are inexperienced. They can provide essential gear like ropes and ice axes, as well as first-hand knowledge about glacier-specific hazards. Let someone know your plans and never hike alone.

How much time should I allow for a glacier visit?

You’ll want to give yourself plenty of time to return to your cruise ship if you visit a glacier during a shore excursion. Generally, plan for at least half a day to a full day. Some tours offer short, guided walks that last a few hours, while others might include full-day treks with more extensive exploration.

Can I see wildlife during a glacier visit? 

While glaciers themselves are not typically rich in wildlife, the areas around them can be. During your adventure, keep an eye out for birds, mountain goats, and perhaps even bears at a safe distance. Remember, you should never approach or feed the wildlife.

Are there any age or physical limitations to seeing glaciers? 

Glacier hikes can be challenging and are usually best for those in good shape. They’re not recommended for very young kids or those with limited mobility. But don’t worry — there are plenty of tour options for different fitness levels, and you can always visit a glacier that doesn’t require hiking. 

How cold is it on an Alaska glacier?

Temperatures on the glaciers are often lower than in surrounding areas, so be prepared to get a little chilly. Even in summer, temperatures can be near or below freezing, especially in shaded areas or during unexpected weather changes. Don’t forget to bundle up before your excursion.